Astm D95 Pdf 'link' (RECENT ✓)

is the international standard for determining water content in petroleum products, tars, and other bituminous materials through a distillation method 分析测试百科网 Core Function & Scope

2. Engineering Standards Libraries

Subscriptions to services like IHS Markit, Techstreet, or ANSI Webstore offer the PDF, often with multi-user licenses. Astm D95 Pdf

Limitations

• Cannot measure dissolved water below ~0.05% accurately.
• Emulsions or very viscous samples require dilution.
• Some solvents (toluene) are toxic – use under fume hood.

Water contamination can cause serious operational issues, such as: Corrosion: is the international standard for determining water content

Process: A sample is heated under reflux with a water-immiscible solvent (like xylene or toluene) that co-distills with the water. Cannot measure dissolved water below ~0

Accurate water measurements are essential for efficient refining processes. Custody Transfer:

1. Ensure efficient refining: By knowing the water and sediment content, refineries can adjust their processes to minimize the risks associated with these contaminants.
2. Prevent equipment damage: Accurate measurements help prevent damage to equipment, pipelines, and storage facilities.
3. Comply with regulations: Many regulatory bodies require crude oil to meet specific standards for water and sediment content.
4. Optimize transportation and storage: Knowing the water and sediment content helps ensure safe and efficient transportation and storage of crude oil.

Graduated Trap: A glass receiver (usually 2 mL to 25 mL capacity) to collect and measure the water. 4. Solvent Selection The choice of solvent depends on the material being tested: Material to be Tested Recommended Solvent Asphalt, Bitumen, Tar Aromatic (Xylene/Toluene blend) Fuel Oil, Lubricating Oil Petroleum Distillate Volatile Spirits 5. Calculation and Accuracy