• Transformers: Single-phase and three-phase, no-load/load operation, parallel connection.
• DC Machines: Generators (shunt, series, compound) and motors (starting, speed control).
• Induction Motors: Squirrel cage and slip ring motors, torque-slip characteristics.
• Synchronous Machines: Alternators and synchronous motors, excitation systems.

"Maszyny Elektryczne" by Elżbieta Goźlińska is a foundational Polish technical textbook covering the theory, construction, and operation of transformers, DC machines, and AC machines. Widely used in vocational education, the text includes practical exercises, review questions, and technical data aligned with modern curricula. For more details, visit Empik. Maszyny elektryczne - Elżbieta Goźlińska - Lubimyczytać

Why? Because at the turn of the millennium, Poland’s electrical engineering education faced a crisis. After the political transformation of 1989, state subsidies for technical education plummeted. Universities could no longer afford to buy Western textbooks. At the same time, old communist‑era tomes by Mieczysław Jeżewski or Antoni Plamitzer were out of print, their language stiff, their examples tied to Soviet industrial standards (ГОСТ) that had become obsolete.

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